Liothyronine – Cytomel
Thyroid hormones are crucial to our body’s metabolic functions. While naturally synthesized, many pharmaceutical companies produce synthetic versions. The primary types are T4 (levothyroxine) and T3 (liothyronine), both stored in the thyroid gland.
Pharmaceutical thyroid hormones are derived from either animal glands (bovine or ovine) or synthetically created. In the USA, iodine levels in these preparations are well regulated.
Cytomel (liothyronine sodium) is available in tablet form and as a naturally occurring thyroid hormone. T3 is significantly more potent than T4.
Pharmacology
The exact mechanism behind thyroid hormone action remains unclear, involving various biochemical changes. These hormones boost energy by increasing the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, enhancing oxygen consumption. A higher basal metabolic rate is common among users, affecting nearly every organ, including the brain. The impact of a deficiency becomes evident when observing affected individuals.
Dosage
Thyroid hormone is readily absorbed into the bloodstream from the stomach, with rapid onset of action typically occurring within hours, though peak effects may take days. It can remain in the body for several days due to its binding with albumin, which protects it from liver breakdown.
Indications for thyroid hormone include:
- Replacement therapy for hypothyroidism
- Post-surgical replacement for removed thyroid
- Management of goiters and thyroid nodules
- Diagnostic suppression tests for suspected hyperthyroidism
- Alternative for patients allergic to pork or beef thyroid preparations
Body Builders and Weight Loss
For years, athletes have misused thyroid hormone to enhance performance and facilitate weight loss. Its ability to promote fat and carbohydrate combustion has made Cytomel a popular choice across various sports. Users often take the hormone for 4-6 weeks, stopping just before competitions, reporting significant energy boosts and weight loss.
However, efficacy varies as these athletes often use multiple supplements simultaneously. Internet sellers typically advise starting with a dose of 25 mcg/day, increasing gradually while capping at 100 mcg/day. Users should be cautious; discontinuation may lead to thyroid insufficiency. A gradual tapering is advised to reinstate natural hormone production.
Safety consultation with a healthcare provider is vital for those considering thyroid hormone for weight loss.
Signs and Symptoms
Excess thyroid hormone can result in numerous side effects, including:
- Headaches
- Emotional fluctuations, including irritability and anxiety
- Excessive sweating
- Arrhythmias
- Palpitations
- Chest discomfort
- Diarrhea
- Menstrual disturbances
- Aggravation of heart failure
- Shock
Severe overdose may mimic a thyroid storm, with chronic overuse leading to hyperthyroid symptoms.
Contraindications
Thyroid hormone is contraindicated in untreated adrenal cortical insufficiency and active thyrotoxicosis, as well as in patients with known hypersensitivities. True allergic reactions to liothyronine are rare.
Medical Caution
Many turn to thyroid hormone for weight management, often pairing it with other supplements. Standard therapeutic doses typically do not promote weight loss; larger doses may be hazardous and exacerbate symptoms when combined with agents like ephedrine.
Conditions such as adrenal insufficiency, diabetes mellitus, and insulin sensitivity necessitate careful dosage adjustments. Thyroid hormone may also amplify the effects of oral anticoagulants, increasing bleeding risk.
Non-medical recommendations for using thyroid hormone for infertility lack scientific backing. Patients with cardiovascular issues should seek medical advice prior to commencement.
Hormone Levels and Testing
Thyroid hormone levels can be assessed easily, with sporting bodies like the IOC and WADA routinely screening athletes. Sensitive radioimmunoassays can detect low hormone concentrations in urine.
Drug Interactions
Liothyronine may interact with:
- Oral anticoagulants
- Insulin and oral hypoglycemics
- Cholestyramine
- Estrogen and contraceptives
- Tricyclic antidepressants
- Digitalis
Monitoring by healthcare professionals is essential to prevent excessive dosages when using thyroid hormone.
Treatment of Overdosage
In cases of overdose, patients should be hospitalized and closely monitored. Cessation of the hormone is necessary for 4-8 weeks to allow recovery of the thyroid gland. Due to the lack of specific antidotes, supportive care is the primary strategy. Inducing vomiting is unsafe, and coma cases may necessitate mechanical ventilation.
Dosage Recommendations
Liothyronine is taken once daily, with dosage tailored to the severity of hypothyroidism. Therapy should commence at the lowest effective dose, starting at 5 mcg/day with gradual increments. Rapid increases can provoke existing heart conditions. A common effective range is 50-75 mcg/day. Intravenous formulations are available for emergencies, such as myxedema coma, predominantly seen in elderly women.
Liothyronine tablets are offered in strengths of 5, 25, and 50 mcg, available only via prescription in the USA.
T4 – Liothyronine Sodium
T4 is a synthetic thyroid hormone known as levothyroxine. It primarily treats hypothyroidism and acts as a synthetic variant of T4 produced by the thyroid gland. T4 positively impacts the central nervous system, supports fat burning, enhances cellular functions, and promotes overall well-being.
Dosage
Recommended dosage is 100-300 mcg per day.
Effects
Athletes using T4 can boost physical performance and achieve effective weight loss without hunger pangs.
Side Effects
Common adverse reactions include insomnia, tremors, anxiety, palpitations, and suppression of natural thyroid hormone production.
Protection Strategies
To mitigate side effects, consider integrating beta-blockers and ketotifen into your regimen. Administer T4 in the morning to minimize insomnia.
Stacking Considerations
Exercise caution when stacking T4 with other medications that impact blood pressure and heart rate.
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